1.0 INTRODUCTION
Entrepreneur could be defined as an individual who succeeded in operating
a business by the motive of maximizing profits and carrying out strategic
conducts and practices to achieve higher goals (CENGAGE Learning, 2010,
p. 3) .
What makes them unique and successful? Through undertaking this group task, we
would further discuss about entrepreneurial
traits or skills
in a broad and in-depth manner in both Task 1 and 2. As instructed in the
assignment guidelines, the primarily objective of this assignment is to provide
substantial understanding on the importance of the enhancement of
entrepreneurial skills and personal qualities by giving supportive evidence
relating to local and global successful entrepreneurs.
2.0 TASK 1 - TRAITS OF ENTREPRENEUR
2.1 PERSUASION
According to Merriam Webster, persuasion is the act of causing people
to make or believe something. In other meaning, persuasion means influencing
people in other aspects and it requires communication skill. Persuasion can influence one’s beliefs,
attitudes, motivations and behaviours. Persuasion is the process with aim to
change a person's attitude or behaviour towards certain idea, things, or other
person by spoken words to convey information, feelings, reasoning, or a
combination. Persuasion is the act of using personal or positional resources to
change people's attitudes.
Steve Jobs showed effective persuasion skills.
He was an American businessman. He was the co-founder of
Apple computers and also the designer of well-coordinated personal home
computers. Steve Jobs was a smart entrepreneur who became a multimillionaire before
30 years old. He was known as the founder and chief executive officer (CEO) of
Apple company. The persuasive trait that he showed was through his moving
speech. He can use his
persuasive skill to attract customers to buy his product through the
presentation skill. For example, his products such as IPad, IPhone, IPod,
iTunes and others. Those products became popular and were highly demanded by
many people.
He once said that his belief was that if we
put the products in front of customers, they would be willing to purchase them.
However, his idea was towards innovation; this aspect clearly differentiates
between a leader and a follower. In my opinion, Steve Jobs was a superb persuader because he had that
inspirational spirit and that we ourselves didn’t even know we had somewhere in
us.
2.2 SELF-CONFIDENCE
As cited in Oxford Dictionaries, self-confidence or commonly known
as self-esteem that defined as “a feeling of trust in one’s abilities,
qualities, and judgment.” In world of business, every entrepreneur should
possess ability and capability to maintain the success and going concern of his
or her established business.
This trait can be further explained through Dato’ Anthony Francis “Tony”
Fernandez. Ever since his younger days studying abroad halfway across the
world, he had dreamt of going on cheap flights for his travels back to
Malaysia. Thus, he ventured into aviation business unprepared and inexperience
in airline industry. Tony successfully persuaded three
(3) partners namely Datuk Pahamin A. Rajab, former secretary general of the Malaysian
Domestic Trait and Consumer Affairs Ministry and currently serving as the
Chairman of TuneAir as well as directors Abdul Aziz Abu Bakar and Kamarudin Meranun to launch
TuneAir Sdn Bhd. Datuk Pahamin A. Rajab
then scheduled a meeting with former Malaysian prime minister, Tun Dr Mahathir
Mohamad to propose their business plans. Things took a good turn and eventually
Tony was granted a green light to proceed on his plans but on one condition. He
had to purchase his own airline. This was when his self-confidence kicked in.
At the time when the 9-11 controversy that has caused many airlines to hit
rock-bottomed, Tony willingly mortgaged his house and gave up his entire
savings to acquire DRB-Hicom (currently renamed as Air Asia); a subsidiary of
the Malaysian government-owned conglomerate which was heavily-indebted for RM
1. When the public doubted his capabilities on pursuing an unfamiliar and
inexperience business industry, Tony’s self-confidence got the best of him.
Eventually, he finally succeeded in turning the then worthless airport into a
profitable airline within two (2) years. When most people could not imagine of
the severity of this catastrophic economic crisis, Tony has outdone himself for
making such unthinkable pursuit in aviation industry.
2.3 WORK COMMITMENT
What is commitment? Work
commitment is define as how your ability to assess and initiate things
independently for your job. Work commitment is also a responsibility of an
individual who want to achieve the missions or goals of your organization. When
an individual contributes job commitment to his organization, it will improve
the growth and productivity of an organization. Provide a good status and
initiative to work showing that you have commitment for your organization.
Furthermore, in a research of Zenga Folkman by finding 100,000 employees show
that an effective and dedicated manager can affect the employees commitment to
their job. Showing commitment can
demonstrate an individual’s leadership potential to become managers and lead to
career opportunities.
The entrepreneur
whom I chose as an example that shows his or her work commitment was William
Henry Gates (Bill Gates). According to (Gates, 2016) , Bill Gates was an American and he stayed at Medina, Washington, U.S. In 1967, He enrolled at Lakeside School and that was the first
time he had been in touch with computer when studying at the school. He began
programming with his childhood friend, Paul Allen in 1968. In 1973, he entered
to Harvard University and has been withdrawn from college. Soon, he started
Microsoft with his childhood friend Paul Allen. Today, he is the co-founder of
Microsoft, the largest personal computer programmer software company. Bill
Gates also holds the title for being a famous entrepreneur, businessman,
inventor, author, and computer programme in the world. According to (Badenhausen, 2016) , Bill Gates is the
first of the billionaires in the world and his property is worth more than 80
billion dollars. Work commitment is one of the key reasons for Bill Gates to
succeed.
Bill Gates had
always improved his work ethic from time to time. He said that 20 years ago he stayed
at the office and thought about the fact he has only the energy and lack of
experience on his side, but now his sense of time management already matured
with age and wisdom. He said that he will spend two over three time of his time
on foundation and the else on Microsoft. He said that he will focus on making
product mostly. This showed that Bill Gates is still utmost responsibility on
his job although he is already the co-founder of Microsoft.
"I was quite fanatical about
work," Gates said in the interview. "I worked
weekends, and I didn't really believe in vacations. I had to be a little
careful not to apply my standards to how hard they worked."
Keeping a strong motivation is a way to show your commitment on your
job. In Bills Gates’ playbook, he wrote a phrase quoted ‘change the word, or go
home’. Bill Gates created a little sign which represents ‘change the word, or
go home’ on many company doors at Microsoft. This phrase shows that how Bill
Gates created his life and his view on job. He created his business merely not
only for getting profit, but he also focuses on changing the world to be more
advanced. He works to build a better world, whether a version, a platform, a
system, an idea, a cause, or an innovation at all times. The greatest thing is
that he knows how much his ability to scale and amplify his impact by his ways.
Bill Gates believed that the way to improve his work performance is by
blazing the trail. He said that the path is not always existed and sometimes
you should realize it on your own. Maybe sometimes people would think you are
crazy, and sometimes it is difficult until that you wished to give up.
Sometimes people are just ahead of the curve. It is a dream for a reason, and
sometimes realizing your dreams is about going out on a limb and believing that
it could be realized. Bill Gates realized that technology was going to change
the future and believed that every household would need a personal computer; in
which would change the way we work and how we live in unimaginable ways.
How did Bill Gates make a choice?
Bill Gates made choices based on the impact. He started an idea based on its
impact whether it would result in favourable outcomes. He does not just do
things because of his confidence to succeed or because of the project’s
significance.
Bill Gates quotes is meaningful, one of the quote I personally like is:
2.4 EFFICIENCY ORIENTED
Efficiency can be defined
as the process of attaining the goals of an organization by using the resources
such as people, money and raw materials. An entrepreneur will
open a business to get a good profit. They will strive to achieve profit when they
develop their business. Besides that, they will develop and expand
their market into a foreign country like China and try to produce new products.
Entrepreneurs tend to look for ways to produce products or provide services
that are more cost-efficient or less time consuming without sacrificing the
quality of the products or service. In addition, they are always concerned
about the cost of the products and profit and use business information to
improve the efficiency of enterprises. Orientation to efficiency helps
entrepreneurs to be competitive in the market and reducing the waste of
resources. At the same time, efficiency oriented also can increase the
profitability of entrepreneurs.
As an example of the
entrepreneur who have worked efficiently is Tan Sri Dato' Loh Boon Siew (1915 – 1995). Loh Boon
Siew was known as a “Mr Honda” in Penang. He was the first sole distributor of Honda motorcycles in Malaysia. Loh Boon Siew was born in China. When he was 12 years old, he arrived
in Penang from China with his friends. He did not accept any education when he
was a child. He worked as an apprentice car mechanic during the day. He learned
how to repair buses and engines. In the evening, he helped people to wash buses
and cars. His salary was just $3 per month.
When he was 18 year old, he became become a famous auto repair
technician in Penang. In same year, Loh Boon Siew used $2000 of his savings to
buy 11 buses. After he repaired and reconditioned the buses, he sold the buses
for $12000; he made profit up to 400 per cent. In this case, we can know that
how he manufacture products with cost-efficiency and used all his resources to
maximize his profits.
2.5 TOLERANCE FOR FAILURE
What is the meaning of
tolerance for failure? It means an entrepreneur will not easily frustrate and
defeated by failure. Instead, they will learn from failure. They will always be
looking for opportunities at all times. Most of the entrepreneurs believe they
will learn more from failure in order to succeed. As an entrepreneur, they will
not back out from failure or problems in their business. An entrepreneur who
has an open mind and highly motivated will assume failures are challenges to succeed
in their business. They will face failures head-on and try to find solutions.
One of the most successful
entrepreneurs who have faced countless failures is Thomas Edison Thomas Edison
(Thomas Edison February 11, 1847 - October 18, 1931). He was the world-renowned
American electrician and inventor, known as the "king of the world's
invention". He invented the phonograph, electric light, telephone,
telegraph and others. He also contributed a lot in the mining, construction,
chemical and other fields.
Edison's outstanding
achievements in life were not a fluke, but because of his perseverance, the
courage to try and to innovate. Due to poverty, Edison only received three
months of primary school education. When he was 12-years-old, he worked on a
train. Nevertheless, he still worked and studied hard. During his younger days, he had a keen of interest
in natural sciences. He mastered electronics, chemistry and other fields.
Sometimes, he will do some "small experiments" in the home or during
lunch break.
Edison's greatest
contribution in history was the invention of the lamp. When people knew of his idea
to invent a lamp, they looked down on him. However, he did not give up. He made more than 1600 heat-resistant materials
and more than 600 kinds of plant fibre experiments before he finally succeed in
creating the first bulb. Since then, he constantly worked on improving the
manufacturing methods. He wanted to promote the use of electricity; therefore
he then developed parallel circuits equipped with fuses, insulation material,
copper wire network and other electrical equipment. The great invention had
greatly improved the lives of mankind.
Thomas Edison Thomas
Edison never gave up whenever he was facing countless failures many times to
invent the lamp. In this case, he showed high tolerance for failure by trying
to find the best solutions.
2.6 HIGH INITIATIVE LEVEL
What
is the meaning of initiative? According to Cambridge Dictionary, initiative is
the ability to use your judgement to make decisions and do things without
needing to be told what to do. Initiative also defined as an individual’s
ability like creativity, innovation and risk-taking to turn ideas into action
and the ability to plan and manage projects to achieve objectives. Initiative
not only can be applied in business but it also can be applied at home,
workplace and in society so that we can be able to seize opportunities.
To
relate this high initiatives level trait with entrepreneurs in the business
world, I have referred to how Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Dr. Jeffrey Cheah, AO who showed
his initiative to become one of the most successful entrepreneur in Malaysia.
Tan Sri Dato’Seri Dr. Jeffrey Cheah began his career as an accountant at a
motor assembly plant in Malaysia. In year 1974, he decided to start his
business by the name of Sunway Group; currently being one of the most famous
company worldwide. His core business at that time was related with property and
construction business only; however he managed to establish 12 business
divisions that span across 50 locations worldwide with his high initiative.
His
initiative skills were highly applied in one of his business division which is
the Sunway Education Group. He played an important role in Malaysian education,
with his aspiration to create higher quality learning to our country. He had completely
influenced Malaysian education landscape, having pioneered and popularized
industry-changing developments such as acclaimed twinning programs in Malaysia.
Sunway Institution was able to produce first-class graduates through
partnerships with top-ranking universities worldwide.
The
Sunway Education Trust Fund, which was established in March 1997 also showed Jeffrey’s
initiative to help those who are facing financial constraints when studying in
Sunway Institution and for those elite students facing financial problem to
continue their education. He decided to establish this education trust fund not
only to help these students but also to reinvest into the institutions and for
the use of research grants. This education trust fund was renamed as Jeffrey
Cheah Foundation ( JCF ) in March 2010 where ownership and equity rights of
SEG’s 12 learning institution were transfer to the Foundation. The Foundation
coalesced Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Dr. Jeffrey Cheah’s vision and aspiration into a
indefinite commitment in order to benefit the future generations.
Besides
that, with a bountiful academic funding, Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Dr. Jeffrey Cheah
has forged academic ties with Harvard University in July 2013 through JFC to
establish the Jeffrey Cheah Funds for Southeast Asia Studies, the Jeffrey Cheah
Professorship, the Jeffrey Cheah Visiting Professorship and the Jeffery Cheah
Travel Grants. This showed the initiative of Tan Sri Cheah to further enhance teaching
techniques and research on Southeast Asia Studies at Harvard University. The
main objective was to enable two-way communication between scholars and
researchers of both Harvard University and Sunway Education Group. Because of
his high initiative, he was asked to join as a member of the Global Advisory
Council of Harvard University.
As a
whole, initiative skills are required to become a successful entrepreneur. This
trait should be instilled in every entrepreneur so that they would strive
harder to compete vigorously, surpassing other strong entrepreneurs.
2.7 INFORMATION SEEKING
Information
seeking is the act of personally seeking useful information from clients,
suppliers, and competitors through various forms of contact or information
network, and consults experts for business and technical advice. Moreover, an
individual would seek immediate feedback on his or her own performance, anticipating
accurate data and favourable results. An entrepreneur deals with anticipated
changes, constantly do reviews for any management weaknesses and seek for
immediate feedback on their performance.
Soichiro
Honda portrayed information-seeking attitude in conducting his business. This attitude can be seen in when he worked for
Tokyo Art Shokai, a renowned automobile serving company located in Tokyo. Even when his shift was over, he willingly spend
overtime in the workshop to investigate and analyse the machines there to
strengthen his knowledge about various components and its functions. He
diligently looked up on more information related to engineering so that he
could open his own workshop in the near future. Soichiro Honda’s information-seeking
nature was noticeable when he collaborated with a famous Malaysian entrepreneur
named Loh Boon Siew who desired to market his motorcycle invention locally.
Through his in-depth research and analysis, he found out that the merge between
his and Loh’s idea will give rise to a new business opportunity which will be
able to expand both locally and globally. Prior to that, Soichiro Honda became
the founder of Honda Company, a world-leading automobile company. Therefore, it
is essential for every entrepreneur to be informative and always aware of
changes in business development.
2.8 PROBLEM SOLVING
Problem
is defined as a question that relates to doubt, uncertainty or difficulty. What
is problem solving? Problem solving is a skill on how you decide or settle a
trouble. Problem solving has multi step procedures to overcome obstacles and attain
goals. Those chronological steps involve defining the problems, generate alternative
solutions, analyse alternative solutions, and lastly implement the solutions.
Here, I have chosen Tan Sri Robert
Kuok Hock Nian, a Malaysian chinese entrepreneur as an example to further
discuss on problem-solving trait. According to (Forbes The World's
Billionaires, 2016), Robert Kuok was listed as the 103th billionaire in the
world and the first of Malaysia’s 50 richest in 2016. He invested in many business
sectors including sugarcane plantation, sugar refining industry, flour industry,
finance institutions, hospitality industry and so on.
In 1962, Robert Kuok’s sugar
refining business faced a difficult economic crisis when the supply of China’s
refined sugar increase tremendously resulting in the cheaper price of refined
sugar. At that time, Robert Kuok was in dilemma. However with his quick reflexes,
he managed to come up a solution to attend to the problem. At last, he bought
imported refined sugar from India where the price was cheaper than China. After
this incident, he was then dubbed as ‘Sugar King of Asia’ by many people and
eventually took over Malaysia’s sugar refining industry.
3.0 TASK 2 – BIOGRAPHY OF JACK YUN MA
Jack
Yun Ma is the founder and current executive chairman of Alibaba Group. He was
born on 10th September 1964 in Hangzhou, Republic of China during
China’s Cultural Revolution. To his deepest despair, his family were victims of
persecution due to his grandparents’ involvement in the National Party for
opposing the Communist. Education was never easy for him; he failed the
university entrance exams twice before succeeding in his third attempt.
Nevertheless, he graduated from Hangzhou Teacher’s Institute (now known as
Hangzhou Normal University) with a Bachelor of Arts in English. Subsequent to
graduation, he had working experience as a teacher in an elementary school also
as an English and International Trade lecturer in Hangzhou Dianzi University. Sooner
later, he furthered his studies in Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business
(CKGSB) where he then graduated in 2006.
Jack Yun Ma exercised
high initiative level trait throughout his business career. He was
described as a man with visionary. Fortunately, his incredible visualization
skills had led him towards countless discoveries of business opportunities.
Back in year 1998, Alibaba Group was incorporated by Jack Ma together with his
fellow 18 co-founders. At that time when the company first established, the
Internet and E-Commerce were not widespread in China. However, Jack Yun Ma and
his associates envisioned the Internet would take over the business industry by
storm in the near future. He foresaw how technology would help small or medium
exporters, manufacturers as well as entrepreneurs to expand their businesses
more effectively and efficiently in both domestic and international market.
Jack Yun Ma was the first entrepreneur to approach online business and
eventually initiated E-Commerce by launching a website. Ever since the
company’s first ever website launch, Alibaba Group slowly paved its way towards
becoming a global leader in both E-Commerce (online) and M-Commerce (mobile).
As of today, the company is leading in wholesale and retail marketing as well
as other Internet-based businesses.
Prior to that, his
succession in Alibaba Group was also influenced by his strong sense of self-confidence.
He was an ideal teacher to his subordinates and a world-leading businessman.
Jack Yun Ma often motivated his employees to show confidence in facing any
business-related problems. This is why he dared to challenge the values of
traditional business through incorporation of Alibaba Group; being all assured
that his efforts would bear someday. Soon after he set up his business, his
confidence got ahead of him when he decided to aim for public listing on the New
York Stock Exchange with authorization of more than $20 billion shares. Another impressive entrepreneurial trait portrayed by
Jack Yun Ma is persuasion. Nonetheless, Jack Yun Ma always heeded the
fact that not everyone could be convinced; be it business colleagues or major
investors. In reality, it is not easy for anyone to simply trust you or believe
your words. In Jack Yun Ma’s philosophy, he said persuasion starts by accepting
other people’s opinion or perspective and modifying our way of approach; which
would guarantee explicit success in return. In this context, he did not solely
focused on one person’s point of view but instead act on one common goal shared
among the organisation.
Jack
Yun Ma was born, raised and educated in Hangzhou. Since little, he never
feared about failure and always determined to learn from mistakes. As
mentioned previously, he once failed his university entrance exams two times in
a row. However, he did not feel daunted and never thought of giving up.
Fortunately in 1984, he was able to pass the exam at his third attempt and
successful enrolled into Hangzhou Normal University. In 1994, Jack Yun Ma
founded the first ever translation agency, known as Hangzhou HAIBO translation
service. In 1995, Jack Ma was commissioned by the Zhejiang Provincial
Department of Transportation to work in Seattle, United States. Through this
working experience, he learned about the Internet and usage of computer. Soon,
he got aspired to conduct online advertising to promote his translation agency
through the Internet. Jack Yun Ma then decided to collaborate with his Seattle
colleagues to establish a company which was based off the Internet and E-Commerce.
Around
in April 1995, Jack Ma invested 7,000 Yuan in his business. Besides that, he
also entered a joint venture with his family members to collect two million
Yuan for the establishment of Haibo Network. Haibo Network became one of the
earliest Chinese Internet based company that produced China Yellow Pages. In
1996, Jack Ma encountered limitations that caused difficulty in promoting
Chinese Yellow Page in many cities without the Internet services. Upon that, he
was accused for being a deceiver; he still did not give up and try to convince
customers about the possibilities of internet. Nevertheless in 1996, the sales
escalated significant up to 700 million Yuan. After that, Jack Ma cooperated
with Hangzhou Telecom. Due to different business concepts, Jack Ma gave up on
the Chinese yellow pages business and sent the shares to his employees. This
was Jack Yun Ma's first failure in the entrepreneurial career. In 1999, Jack Ma
was fed up with the constraints of government which limited enterprises ways to
run business and he decided to return to Hangzhou to start up his own business.
Alibaba is set up by three
main sides which is Taobao.com, Tmall.com, and Alibaba.com. When Alibaba Group
started to operate, Jack Ma only had 50 million of funds which is crowd funded
by his 18 colleagues and it was not enough for him to run the organization.
But, that is all their property and Jack Ma make a declaration: “We want to
create the largest e-commerce company and become top ten companies in the
world!” Nowadays, he made it and Alibaba became important of the economic in
the country. Before succeeding, he faced a lot of problems and he solved it by
some ways. Here, I would like to talk about what problems he faced and how he
solved it.
Jack Yun Ma also showed prudent
problem-solving skills. On the 11th of November 2009, it was China’s
annual single day celebration and the company took this opportunity to hold the
first ever Double Eleven Shopping Festival on Taobao.com. This festival turned out to be a hit and
Alibaba continued top the charts annually through this event. Although the
carnival was a success, but it had always caused a thorny problem in which many
of its customers were dissatisfied about the fake products that they brought.
Therefore, Alibaba created an English website that allowed screening of all
major brands which gone through the website to delete counterfeit products on
Alibaba. In addition, the merchants who did not sell the counterfeit products
were allowed to enter a process to simplify and accelerate the
"integrity" programme, in order to support prevention of counterfeit
products. Alibaba also improved the system which was usually took three to five
days to remove the counterfeit products.
4.0 CONCLUSION
It
is evident that entrepreneurs are responsible for shaping the world economy and
the business dimension. As the saying goes, students today are the leaders of
tomorrow. All great things start from small beginnings; same goes to business.
A business venture could come arise from the product of unexpected mistakes,
one’s eagerness for a better change, one’s curiosity to discover more or maybe
even one’s inspiration or aspiration. Entrepreneur is not restricted of age.
Therefore, everyone is a potential entrepreneur. True as it seems, not everyone
could reach the top. Nonetheless, there is line that separates entrepreneur and
a successful entrepreneur. Based on our discussion above, most of the renowned
entrepreneurs possess those eight (8) entrepreneurial traits within them. We
can conclude that those traits are essential factors that contribute to succession
of an entrepreneur.
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Exclusive Cover Story: Conversation with Tony Fernandes , 3-6.
